![]() ![]() The Quaker Quarterly Meeting of Chester, Pennsylvania, made its first protest in 1711. While the Quaker establishment did not take action at that time, the unusually early, clear, and forceful argument in the 1688 Germantown Quaker Petition Against Slavery initiated the spirit that finally led to the end of slavery in the Society of Friends (1776) and in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (1780). It acknowledged the universal rights of all people. The intention of the document was to stop slavery within the Quaker community, where 70% of Quakers owned slaves between 16. On 18 February 1688, Francis Daniel Pastorius, the brothers Derick and Abraham op den Graeff and Gerrit Hendricksz of Germantown, Pennsylvania, drafted the 1688 Germantown Quaker Petition Against Slavery, a two-page condemnation of slavery, and sent it to the governing bodies of their Quaker church. The first statement against slavery in Colonial America was written in 1688 by the Religious Society of Friends. Samuel Sewall (1652–1730), judge who wrote The Selling of Joseph (1700) which denounced the spread of slavery in the American colonies. The law, however, was widely ignored, and Rhode Island became involved in the slave trade in 1700. In 1652, Rhode Island made it illegal for any person, black or white, to be "bound" longer than ten years. Main articles: Origins of the American Civil War and Slavery in the United States Abolitionism in Colonial America Thones Kunders's house at 5109 Germantown Avenue, where the 1688 Germantown Quaker Petition Against Slavery was written.Īmerican abolitionism began well before the United States was founded as a nation. In the Civil War, immediate emancipation became a war goal for the Union in 1862 and was fully achieved in 1865. John Brown became an advocate and militia leader in attempting to end slavery by force of arms. A small but dedicated group, under leaders such as William Lloyd Garrison and Frederick Douglass, agitated for abolition in the mid-19th century. In 1807, Congress made the importation of slaves a crime, effective January 1, 1808, which was as soon as Article I, section 9 of the Constitution allowed. No Southern state adopted similar policies. Between the Revolutionary War and 1804, laws, constitutions, or court decisions in each of the Northern states provided for the gradual or immediate abolition of slavery. ![]() ![]() ĭuring the Revolutionary era, all states abolished the international slave trade, but South Carolina reversed its decision. James Oglethorpe, the founder of the colony of Georgia, originally tried to prohibit slavery upon its founding in 1735 under the Georgia Experiment, a decision that was eventually reversed in 1750. Before the Revolutionary War, evangelical colonists were the primary advocates for the opposition to slavery and the slave trade, doing so on humanitarian grounds. In Colonial America, a few German Quakers issued the 1688 Germantown Quaker Petition Against Slavery, which marks the beginning of the American abolitionist movement. The anti-slavery movement originated during the Age of Enlightenment, focused on ending the trans- Atlantic slave trade. In the United States, abolitionism, the movement that sought to end slavery in the country, was active from the late colonial era until the American Civil War, the end of which brought about the abolition of American slavery for non-criminals through the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (ratified 1865). ![]()
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